TECHNIQUES OF TEACHING

There are number teaching techniques in the teaching of mathematics. Important techniques are Oral work, Drill work, Home work, Assignments.

HEURISTIC METHOD

The term Heuristic is derived from Greek word HEURISCO means I FIND. Here the child puts in the place of a discoverer. The method involves finding out by the student, instead of telling of everything by the teacher. It aims at removing the short comings of the Lecture method. It is totally opposite to lecture, and demands complete self activity. Supporters of this method are of the opinion that every child should be made a discoverer and inventor, when this method is applied in its extreme form the teacher stands aside as an onlooker and the child selects his own path and proceeds according to own his thoughts. The teacher is not required to encourage, help or guide them.

If the child wants to accomplish some thing, let him do on his own. The teacher should not impose his reasoning. Let the child help himself with the reasoning and argument. The bookish, readymade and teacher made arguments should not be forced on the child. This method makes the student self-reliant and independent. It impacts a sound training in the education of self. The teacher’s job is not to solve the problems for the pupil, but to enable the pupil to solve the problem on his own.

Prof. Armstrong was the originator o this method. He devised it for the teaching of Science. He was of the opinion that, the school should develop thinking power of student, and for this the later must be given an opportunity to think. It is a sort of attempt to develop in the learner a particular attitude, now popularly known as the Scientific and Heuristic attitude. It aims at training a learner in the method of learning. Knowledge is not the primary consideration here. Self confidence, originality, independence judgment and thinking powers are to be developed among child.

Practically speaking. It is too difficult to adopt the extreme form of this method. The child is ignorant. He needs the teacher’s help at every stage. Without the help of teacher the child can’t do the work.


PROCEDURE

1. The child will select the topic of his interest.
2. Teacher has to prepare in such a way that, the child should reach the goal. Here teacher can give some clues to the child. (Otherwise it is too difficult to the child to attain his goal.)

MERITS OF INDUCTION

1. It is a logical method and suits to mathematics.
2. It gives an opportunity to the children to participate actively.
3. Students feel happy, because they are discovering the truth on their own.
4. Relationship between teacher and pupil is good and healthy.
5. Doubts will be solved as there are many concrete examples.
6. Doubts about the HOW AND WHY of a formula are clarified in the beginning itself.
7. Many topics are suitable to teach

INDUCTIVE METHOD

It is the method of constructing formula with the help of many concrete examples. Induction means Proving a universal truth by showing that if it is true for a case and is true for a reasonably adequate number of cases, it is true for all such cases.

Induction leads from concrete to abstract,
Particular to general
Example to formula/conclusion.

PROCEDURE

1. The teacher has to select the topic to teach.
2. Teacher should plan the appropriate situations.
3. All the situations prepared must be in a sequential order.
4. Teacher has to create fearless environment.
5. Teacher’s duty is to guide the pupils to reach the goal.
6. Teacher must connect the lesson with concrete/known questions with active participation of children.
7. Teacher should help the children to arrive to the generalization on their own.
.

DEMERITS OF LECTURE METHOD

1. This method gives a false satisfaction.
2. This is teacher oriented, not child oriented.
3. Un scientific
4. Students remain passive.
5. Relation ship between teacher and pupil remains nominal.
6. Not suitable for all the pupils.
7. Home work is likely to be heavy.
8. It’s not so easy to develop problem solving efficiency.
9. not suitable for all topics.

LECTURE METHOD

It is the method of presenting the concept in the form of words. The information will be spread in the form of speech. Speech is another name for lecture. When a person is speaking continuously to a group, then we are considered to be LECTURING. Teacher is required a hard and clear voice,

It is the method of depicting in words.

PROCEDURE

While applying this method, the teacher has to prepare at home and pours it out in the class room. The students sit silently and try to catch the point. It is also called as ONE MAN SHOW. It is the oldest method among all the methods

LECTURE METHOD

It is the method of presenting the concept in the form of words. The information will be spread in the form of speech. Speech is another name for lecture. When a person is speaking continuously to a group, then we are considered to be LECTURING. Teacher is required a hard and clear voice,

It is the method of depicting in words.

PROCEDURE

While applying this method, the teacher has to prepare at home and pours it out in the class room. The students sit silently and try to catch the point. It is also called as ONE MAN SHOW. It is the oldest method among all the methods

TEACHING METHODS

In the early posts we learnt about the importance of aims and objectives. To achieve them we have to apply our thoughts in a sequence in the class room. The order of the sequence is called as METHOD OF TEACHING.

According to Mathematics it is totally differ from other subjects. Even though the method names are one and the same in some cases, but the way will be differ.

Universally there are ten important methods in the teaching of Mathematics. They are
1. Lecture method
2. Inducto-Deductive
3. Analytic-Synthetic
4. Project method
5. Heuristic method
6. Laboratory method
7. Problem method
8. Dogmatic method
9. Concentric method
10. Topical method.


According to High school Mathematics we follow up to Laboratory method.
Let us learn how to teach using the above methods in the next posts.

PREFACE

Teaching is not everybody’s cup of coffee. As there is a saying,”NOTHING IS IMPOSSIBLE”, teaching can also be made easy if we kept some ideas in our mind. The aims of teaching will be achieved if we answer the following questions,
1. What to teach?
2. Why to teach?
3. How to teach?
In other words the process of teaching is being called as METHODOLOGY.

Coming to Mathematics, it is the most and vastly used subject by the world. Why because it is knowingly or unknowingly part and parcel of human life. Oxygen is essential for living things. In the same way without Mathematics you can’t imagine the human life. So Mathematics can also be called as OXYGEN to human beings daily life.

Let us know how to teach Mathematics and implement the same to the daily life.

Finally I request you to post comments for better improvement of blog.


Thank you,

AIM OF TEACHING

A plan of action to attain the goal can be called as AIM. Aim is broader in the meaning. To attain aims of the subject, it takes certain duration as one year or two or more. These are divided into many groups. But according to Mathematics these are mainly divided into nine parts. They are as follows,

1. UTILITARIAN AIM: - Improves usage of Mathematics in daily life.
2. DISCIPLINARY AIM: - Develops intellectual habits among children.
3. CULTURAL AIM: - Helps to understand the role of Mathematics in fine arts and in beatifying the life.
4. ADJUSTMENT AIM
5. SOCIAL AIM
6. MORAL AIM
7. AESTHETIC AIM
8. INTERNATIONAL AIM
9. VOCATIONAL AIM.

IMPORTANCE:-

Aimless teaching is wastage of time, energy and resources. Hence aims helps to improve the quality of teaching for a prescribed course.

OBJECTIVES OF TEACHING

Objective is also called as short term aim. Aims will be divided into many parts. If all the parts successfully attained, then only we called Aim is attained.

To attain the parts we plan to achieve in the form of short time schedules, called periods. These parts can be called OBJECTIVES.

The Objectives are classified into four important parts. They are,
1. KNOWLEDGE: - Relates to previous knowledge.
2. UNDERSTANDING: - Relates to present lesson.
3. APPLICATION: - Relates to develop how to implement to daily life as well as thinking.
4. SKILL: - Improves inherent potentialities.

The above objectives will be achieved in the form BEHAVIOURAL CHANGES.